Cambodia Country Profile

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Country Profile Sources

General Information Sources

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2011.
US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Cambodia 2011.
The Guardian: 'Cambodia's oil must not be the slippery slope to corruption and catastrophe', 21 June 2011.
Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Cambodia 2010.
PACT Cambodia: Corruption and Cambodian Households 2010.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2010.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
Human Rights Watch: 'Cambodia: Rainsy Sentence Shatters Pretense of Democracy', 24 September 2010.
IRIN: 'Cambodia: Donors pledge $1 billion but criticise corruption', 4 June 2010.
Reuters: 'Cambodia passes controversial anti-graft law', 11 March 2010.
BBC News: 'Cambodia to again sue opposition leader Sam Rainsy', 26 February 2010.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'PM dismisses possible pardon for Sam Rainsy over VN border charges', 6 January 2010.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2009.
U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre: Overview of Corruption in Cambodia 2009.
Global Witness: Country for Sale: How Cambodia's elite has captured the country's extractive industries 2009.
IFC & Asia Foundation: The Provincial Business Environment Scorecard in Cambodia 2009.
Corruption Monitor: 'Government and UN agree to combat graft at ECCC', January 2009.
Corruption Monitor: 'Gov't pledges transparent use of donor budget; NGOs skeptical', January 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2008.
Corruption Monitor: 'Government urged to step up passage of Anti-Corruption Law', November 2008.
Corruption Monitor: 'EU mission suggests measures for effective & transparent election', November 2008.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
Indochina Research: Perceiving and Fighting Corruption in Cambodia 2007.
Global Witness: Cambodia's Family Trees: Illegal logging and the stripping of public assets by Cambodia's elite 2007.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2007.
LICADHO: Human Rights in Cambodia - The Charade of Justice 2007.
Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Cambodia 2006.
ADB & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia-Pacific: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific 2006.
Economic Institute of Cambodia: Assessment of Corruption in Cambodia's Private Sector 2006.
USAID-Cambodia: Cambodia Corruption Assessment 2004.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Cambodia 2011.
The Wall Street Journal: 'Cambodia Anticorruption Law Sees First Conviction', 12 May 2011.
PACT Cambodia: Corruption and Cambodian Households 2010.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2010.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Cambodia 2010.
U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre: Overview of Corruption in Cambodia 2009.
IFC & Asia Foundation: The Provincial Business Environment Scorecard in Cambodia 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2007.
LICADHO: Human Rights in Cambodia - The Charade of Justice 2007.
Economic Institute of Cambodia: Assessment of Corruption in Cambodia's Private Sector 2006.

Police

World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2011.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Mixed reactions to graft unit', 9 December 2011.
The Associated Press: 'Senior Cambodian police officers charged with drug-related corruption', 14 January 2011.
PACT Cambodia: Corruption and Cambodian Households 2010.
US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Cambodia 2010.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
The Associated Press: 'Cambodian rape victims face bribes, corruption', 8 March 2010.
IFC & Asia Foundation: The Provincial Business Environment Scorecard in Cambodia 2009.
UNHCR: 'Trafficking in Persons Report 2009 - Cambodia', 16 June 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
Corruption Monitor: 'Interior Minister pushed to end corruption within police forces', December 2008.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Deputy PM says graft must stop or police face dismissal', 24 November 2008.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
LICADHO: Human Rights in Cambodia - The Charade of Justice 2007.
Indochina Research: Perceiving and Fighting Corruption in Cambodia 2007.
Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Cambodia 2006.
Christine Nissen & Centre for Social Development Phnom Penh: Living under the Rule of Corruption: An Analysis of Everyday Forms of Corrupt Practices in Cambodia 2005.
Centre for Social Development: Corruption and Cambodian Households - Household Survey 2005.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Mixed reactions to graft unit', 9 December 2011.
PACT Cambodia: Corruption and Cambodian Households 2010.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
Corruption Monitor: 'Corruption scandal in Kampong Cham Public Works and Transport Department', November 2008.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
Global Witness: Cambodia's Family Trees: Illegal logging and the stripping of public assets by Cambodia's elite 2007.
Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Cambodia 2006.

Land Administration

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
PACT Cambodia: Corruption and Cambodian Households 2010.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2010 .
US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Cambodia 2010.
LICADHO: Land Grabbing & Poverty in Cambodia: The Myth of Development May 2009.
Global Witness: Cambodia's Family Trees: Illegal logging and the stripping of public assets by Cambodia's elite 2007.
Human Rights Solidarity: 'Cambodia: Land Grabbing, Corruption and the Absence of Rule of Law', 12 April 2007.

Tax Administration

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
PACT Cambodia: Corruption and Cambodian Households 2010.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Anti-graft unit prepares first public report', 27 September 2010.
IFC & Asia Foundation: The Provincial Business Environment Scorecard in Cambodia 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
Global Witness: Cambodia's Family Trees: Illegal logging and the stripping of public assets by Cambodia's elite 2007.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
Economic Institute of Cambodia: Assessment of Corruption in Cambodia's Private Sector 2006 .

Customs Administration

The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
Global Witness: Cambodia's Family Trees: Illegal logging and the stripping of public assets by Cambodia's elite 2007.

Public Procurement and Contracting

World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Concerns raised over new procurement law', 5 May 2011.
Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Cambodia 2010.
Global Witness: Country for Sale: How Cambodia's elite has captured the country's extractive industries 2009.
U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre: Overview of Corruption in Cambodia 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2007.
ADB: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific 2006.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

The Guardian: 'Cambodia's oil must not be the slippery slope to corruption and catastrophe', 21 June 2011.
Global Witness: Country for Sale: How Cambodia's elite has captured the country's extractive industries 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
Global Witness: Cambodia's Family Trees: Illegal logging and the stripping of public assets by Cambodia's elite 2007.
Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Cambodia 2006.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2011.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Concerns raised over new procurement law', 5 May 2011.
Radio Free Asia: 'Hun Sen declares assets', 1 April 2011.
AFP: 'Cambodian officials told to declare assets', 5 January 2011.
US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Cambodia 2010.
US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Cambodia: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Cambodia 2010.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2010.
Bloomberg Businessweek: 'Cambodian officials required to declare assets', 14 July 2010.
The Phnom Penh Post: 'Controversial pick for anticorruption chief', 25 May 2010.
Reuters: 'Cambodia passes controversial anti-graft law', 11 March 2010.
US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Cambodia 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
UNAFEI: Corruption Control in Public Procurement December 2008.
Corruption Monitor: 'Campaign to get a million signatures against corruption', February 2008.
The Straits Times: 'Activists Press Cambodian Lawmakers for Anti-Corruption Law', 16 May 2008.
Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2007.
Europe News: 'EU Increasingly Impatient with Cambodia over Anti-Corruption Law', 23 January 2007.
Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Cambodia 2006.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2006.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - Cambodia 2011.
Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2011.
Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights (Licadho): Draft law on associations & NGOs: Comments on the fourth draft December2011.
Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights (Licadho): Draft law on associations & NGOs: Comments on the third draft August 2011.
Cambodian League for the Promotion and Defence of Human Rights (Licadho): Draft law on associations & NGOs: Comments on the second draft March 2011.
Front Line: 'Cambodia: New draft NGO law would severely restrict the work of human rights defenders', 14 January 2011.
Freedom House: Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2010.
Reporters Without Borders: Cambodia Country Report 2010.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2010.
Human Rights Watch: 'Cambodia: New Penal Code Undercuts Free Speech', 23 December 2010.
LICADHO: Restrictions on the Freedom of Expression in Cambodia's Media May 2009.
Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Cambodia 2009.
Global Integrity: Cambodia Country Report 2008.
Corruption Monitor: 'Campaign to get a million signatures against corruption', February 2008.
LICADHO: Restrictions on the Legal Profession by the Bar Association - A Threat to Free, Independent Legal Aid in Cambodia 2007.
The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Cambodia 2006.
Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Cambodia 2006.
Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Cambodia 2006.
USAID-Cambodia: Cambodian Corruption Assessment 2004.