General Information Sources

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• UK Trade and Investment: Doing Business in Hong Kong 2011.
• The Heritage Foundation: Index of Economic Freedom Hong Kong 2011.
• The Heritage Foundation: Index of Economic Freedom China 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2011.
• UNCTAD: World Investment Report 2011.
• European Union Chamber of Commerce in China: Business Confidence Survey 2011.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2011.
• Reuters: 'EXCLUSIVE-China may cut spending on strategic industries', 7 July 2011.
• TIME: 'China's Great Swindle: How Public Officials Stole $120 Billion and Fled the Country', 26 June 2011.
• The Bribery Act: 'From May 1st new China anti-corruption laws follow long arm jurisdiction trend', 30 May 2011.
• Trust Law: 'China demonstrates intent to clean up corruption through law change', 23 March 2011.
• Bloomberg: 'China's Hu vows stronger flight against corruption', 10 January 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Hong Kong 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: World Investment Report 2010.
• European Union Chamber of Commerce in China: Business Confidence Survey 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - China 2010.
• China Daily: 'Govt sets new targets in anti-corrupiton campaign', 29 December 2010.
• Xinhua News: 'China issues first anti-corruption white paper', 29 December 2010.
• China Daily: '黄光裕已正式入狱服刑 涉案者各自领刑', 16 November 2010.
• Jurist Org: 'China anti-corruption official sentenced to death for taking bribes', 9 Septemeber 2010.
• China Daily: 'China boosts auditors' power as stimulus package spending prompts corruption concerns', 22 February 2010.
• CNN News: 'Trial begins in Chinese corruption crackdown', 2 February 2010.
• China Daily: 'Corruption hurting nation's image: Poll', 7 January 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• US-China Business Council: PRC Government Procurement Policy 2009.
• Ting Gong & Huangao Shi, China Information: Management Corruption in China's Industrial Restructuring, Vol. 43, 2009.
• New York Times: 'Corruption costs China $US35bn', 31 December 2009.
• People's Daily Online: 'Major Commercial Bribery Cases of Multinationals in China', 6 August 2009.
• ABC News: 'Foreign Companies "Bribe" Their Way into China', 23 July 2009.
• National Audit Office: CNAO published statistic result of audit in 2008, April 2009.
• AFP: 'China toughens laws on corruption, insurance: reports', 1 March 2009.
• China Briefing: 'Foreign Direct Investment Drops by 32.7 Percent, 17 February 2009.
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development: World Investment Prospects Survey 2008-2010.
• Trace International: BRIBEline China Report 2008.
• Transparency International: Bribe Payers Index 2008. 
  
• National Audit Office: Audit Findings on the 2007 Budget Enforcement and Other Financial Revenues and Expenditures of 49 Government Departments, September 2008.
• Christian Science Monitor: 'China Acts to Stem the Tide of Officials Fleeing with Cash', 31 October 2008.
• Far Eastern Economic Review: 'Resurrecting the China Joint Venture', 17 October 2008.
• Radio Australia: 'Political Reforms Key to Cleaning up Chinese Officials', 17 September 2008.
• New York Times: Report Accuses Officials in China of Embezzlement, 29 August 2008.
• Financial Week: 'Olympics Seen as BiZ Bribe Tar Pit', 11 August 2008.
• Xinhua News: 'Premier Outlines Anti-Corruption Work, Vows to Build Clean Gov't', 30 April 2008.
• China Daily: 'Political Bureau ratifies CPC's five-year anti-corruption plan', 28 April 2008.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - China 2007.
• A.T. Kearney: FDI Confidence Index 2007.
• Carnegie Endowment: Corruption Threatens China's Future, Policy Brief No. 55, 2007.
• Cheng Wenhao, China CSR: China's Ongoing War Against Business Corruption 2007.
• China View: 'China Applies to Join WTO Procurement Agreement', 29 December 2007.
• Xinhua News: 'China Focus - Chinese Official Dismissed for Bribery in Local Leadership Reshuffle', 4 December 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity System Country Study Report China 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• Carnegie Endowment: The Dark Side of China's Rise March-April 2006.
• German Institute of Global and Area Studies: China Aktuell No. 1, 3, 4, 2006.
• Jay Hoenig, China Business Review: 'Managing Business Risks', Vol. 33, No. 6, 2006.
• OECD: Governance in China 2005.
• Yan Sun, Cornell University Press: 'Corruption and Market in Contemporary China', 2004.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2010.
• Financial Times: 'China executes former Chongqing official', 7 July 2010.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'As Chinese Judge Takes Stand, Court Corruption Goes on Trial', 4 February 2010.
• BBC News: 'China jails top judge for bribes', 19 January 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'Chinese Seek a Day in Court - With New Faith in Rule of Law, More Citizens File Suit', 11 July 2008.
• Carnegie Endowment: Corruption Threatens China's Future, Policy Brief No. 55, 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity System Country Study Report China 2006.

Police

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - China 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• The Associated Press: 'Senior Chinese police officer condemned for graft', 24 August 2010.
• AFP: 'China executes official at heart of graft trials', 8 July 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - China 2009.
• China Daily: 'Ex-Judicial official stands trial in gang crackdown', 2 February 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• BBC News: 'Police Held in China Gang Probe', 21 August 2009.
• Asia Times online: 'Corruption Taints China's Police Heroes', 30 April 2009.
• AsiaSentinel: 'China's Corrupt Police', 10 February 2009.
• International Press Institute: World Press Freedom Review - China 2006.
• BBC News: 'China editor 'died after beating'', 7 February 2006.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2011.
• Xinhua News: 'China fights rampant graft in infrastructure projects', 18 October 2011.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'China indebted to corruption', 30 August 2011.
• The New York Times: 'Chinese Telecom Executive Sentenced to Death for Bribery', 30 August 2011.
• The New York Times: 'China’s Rail Safety Review Unlikely to Stop Existing Projects', 11 August 2011.
• The Telegraph: 'China rail crash scandal: timeline', 11 August 2011.
• BBC News: 'Shanghai officials jailed over deadly high-rise fire', 2 August 2011.
• The Telegraph: 'Chinese rail crash scandal: 'official steals $2.8 billion', 1 August 2011.
• The Independent: 'Rapid growth of high-speed rail in China', 25 July 2011.
• BBC News: 'Shanghai high-rise fire: China 'to prosecute 24 people'', 15 March 2011.
• Shanghai Daily: ''Alliance of Interests' blamed for inferno’, 7 March 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• BBC News: 'Chinese quake activist sentenced', 10 February 2010.
• China Daily: '$34m of quake aid misused, NAO says', 28 January 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• The Independent: 'China's quake cover-up', 4 May 2009.
• UK Anti-Corruption Forum: Overseas News, Newsletter No. 9, February 2008.
• Associated Press: 'Former Beijing Official Appeals Death Sentence', 28 October 2008.
• Carnegie Endowment: Corruption Threatens China's Future, Policy Brief No. 55, 2007.
• South China Morning Post: 'Hunan Bridge was Doomed to Collapse, Villagers Say; Residents Blame Shoddy Materials and Bad Engineering', 16 August 2007.
• PRC Public Security Ministry: 'China's Police See 66% Rise in Commercial Corruption Cases, Xinhua News, People's Daily', 9 January 2007 (in Chinese).
• Transparency International: National Integrity System Country Study Report China 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2005.
• OECD: Governance in China 2005.

Land Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - China 2011.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - China 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - China 2010.
• The Associated Press: 'China cracks down on stimulus-linked graft', 21 May 2010.
• China Daily: 'Vice-mayor investigated for bribery', 15 January 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2008.
• Xinhua Net: 'Former Shanghai Party Chief Gets 18-Year term for Bribery', 11 April 2008.
• Carnegie Endowment: Corruption Threatens China's Future, Policy Brief No. 55, 2007.
• Ministry of Land and Resources: Communique on Land and Resources China 2006.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2010.
• Global Times: 'One-time Forbes list billionaire on trial in Beijing', 1 November 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• Sohu: '西双版纳海关腐败窝案一审判决 原关长获刑16年', 10 January 2009.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2010.
• China Worker Info: '58 killed in Shanghai’s towering inferno', 19 November 2010.
• The Star: 'Graft probe shakes up China's aviation sector', 30 June 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• Associated Press: 'Former Beijing Official Appeals Death Sentence', 28 October 2008.
• China Daily: 'Beijing vice mayor given suspended death penalty', 19 October 2008.
• Financial Week: 'Olympics Seen As BIZ Bribe Tar Pit', 12 August 2008.
• Associated Press: 'China Quake Brings Aftershocks of Corruption', 30 May 2008.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• Reuters: 'Local coal boss in China gets 20-year jail term for corruption', 15 August 2011.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - China 2010.
• Telegraph: 'Two jailed over Rio Tinto scandal', 6 August 2010.
• Times Online: 'Timeline: the Rio Tinto four', 22 March 2010.
• Xinhua News Agency: 'Rio Tinto employees charged with bribery, infringing business secrets', 10 February 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• Forbes: 'The Iron Ore War- China claims Rio Tinto espionage cost it $100 billion', 8 October 2009.
• The National: 'Two executed as China fraud crackdown continues', 6 August 2009.
• Time: 'Spotlight: The Rio Tinto Scandal', 3 August 2009.
• New York Times: 'Mining Company Inquiry Puts Focus on a Black Market in China's Steel Industry', 15 July 2009.
• BBC News: 'Corruption 'Threatens China Rainforest'', 21 August 2008.
• Carnegie Endowment: Corruption Threatens China's Future, Policy Brief No. 55, 2007.
• The Australian: 'Audit Shows China's Embezzled Billions', 28 June 2007.
• Washington Post: 'China Detains Three after Beating Death of Reporter', 18 January 2007.

Banking

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• China Daily: 'Suspended death for ex-CDB exec', 16 April 2010.
• The Wall Street Journal: 'Fraud Case Shows Boom's Dark Side', 26 August 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2009.
• AFP: 'China's banks misuse millions of dollars: auditor', 18 February 2009.
• National Audit Office: Audit Findings on Assets and Liabilities, Profit and Loss of China Development Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China Everbright Bank Co. Ltd., Former PICC Holdings Co. and Former China Reinsurance (Group) Corporation Ltd. in 2006, 2008.
• Carnegie Endowment: Corruption Threatens China's Future, Policy Brief No. 55, 2007.
• Gregory C. Chow: Corruption and China's Economic Reform in the Early 21st Century 2005.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - China 2011.
• China Reviews: '美媒：中國反腐或將“殃及”奢侈品', 3 November 2011.
• CNN: 'Chinese communist chief vows to fight corruption', 1 July 2011.
• NTD Televeision: 'Doubts over Chinese Regime Gift-Card Regulations to Combat Bribery', 24 June 2011.
• The Bribery Act: 'From May 1st new China anti-corruption laws follow long arm jurisdiction trend', 30 May 2011.
• Xinhua News: 'China regulates gift cards to prevent corruption', 26 May 2011.
• Trust Law: 'China demonstrates intent to clean up corruption through law change', 23 March 2011.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - China 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - China 2010.
• China Daily: 'Govt sets new targets in anti-corrupiton campaign', 29 December 2010.
• VOA News: 'China Issues New Anti-Corruption Regulations', 14 July 2010.
• BBC News: 'China communists get new ethics', 25 February 2010.
• Xinhua News: 'Chinese Communist Party issues code of ethics to ensure clean governance', 23 February 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - China 2009.
• US-China Business Council: PRC Government Procurement Policy 2009.
• Dangshi People: '建立规范的有形建筑市场，加强工程招标投标管理', 26 November 2009.
• Universitat Passau: China's Tangible Construction Market - Anti-Corruption in Public Procurement 2008.
• Guardian: 'Chinese Corruption Law Targets Lovers and Families of Officials', 26 August 2008.
• Xinhua News: '建立健全惩治和预防腐败体系2008-2012年工作规划', 22 June 2008.
• Xinhua News: 'Premier Outlines Anti-Corruption Work, Vows to Build Clean Gov't', 30 April 2008.
• China Daily: 'Political Bureau ratifies CPC's five-year anti-corruption plan', 28 April 2008.
• UNODC: Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention
  against Corruption, 21 Janurary 2008.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - China 2007.
• ADB & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia-Pacific: Combating Corruption in Asia-Pacific - PR China's Measures to Implement the Anti-Corruption Action Plan for Asia-Pacific 2007.
• Xinhua News: 'National Corruption Prevention Bureau Established', 13 September 2007.
• Christian Science Monitor: 'Whistle-blower in China Faces Prison', 14 August 2007.
• People's Daily: 'Regulations on Open Government Information', 18 February 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity System Country Study Report China 2006.
• ADB & OECD: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific: Progress and Challenges in 25 Countries, 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• Invest In China: '2005 China's Construction Industry Survey and Summary of Tenth Five-Year Plan of Year 2005', 23 February 2006.
• OECD: Governance in China 2005.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - China 2011.
• Reporters Without Borders: China Country Report 2011.
• Deutsche Welle: 'NGOs blossoming in China, despite hurdles', 3 February 2011.
• Reporters Without Borders: Press Freedom Index 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - China 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - China 2010.
• Shanghai Daily: 'Jail upheld for journalist who took bribe', 5 January 2010.
• Global Integrity: China Country Report 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - China 2009.
• Reuters: 'Chinese Reporter Chasing Corruption Claims Disappear', 15 December 2008.
• ABS-CBN News Online Beta: 'China Journalists Demand 'Hush Money' at Coal Mine', 28 October 2008.
• Reporters Without Borders: China Annual Report 2007.
• Mure Dickie, Financial Times: 'China Learns to Click Carefully', 13 November 2007.
• Likosky and Shtender-Auerbach, San Francisco Chronicle: 'When American Corporations Deliver U.S. Foreign Policy...', 2 November 2007.