General Information Sources

• The Associated Press: 'International monitors slam Kazakhstan's election won by incumbent with 95 per cent of vote', 4 April 2011.
• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Central Asia Online: 'Former Kazatomprom president Dzhakishev sentenced to 14 years of hard labour', 12 March 2010.
• Revenue Watch Institute: Kazakhstan 2010.
• World Bulletin: 'Kazakhstan jails ex-defence official, Israeli over corruption', 25 February 2010.
• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda: 'Supremacy of law – a way to fight corruption', 9 December 2009.
• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda: 'Испытание на прочность финансовая система выдержала', 8 December 2009.
• Vesti Kazakhstan: 'Парламент Казахстана принял поправки в закон о коррупции', 4 November 2009.
• APA: 'Former minister of environment jailed in Kazakhstan', 17 October 2009.
• Eurasianet: 'Kazakhstan: Corruption Scandals an Indicator of Clan Infighting in Astana?', 9 July 2009.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2009.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• Revenue Watch Institute: Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: Рекомендации по Имплементации в Казахтанское Законодательство Конвенции ООН «Против Коррупции» 2009.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Reuters: 'Kazakhstan cuts oil export duty to USD 140/tonne', 21 December 2008.
• Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty: 'Kazakhstan: Corruption, Idle Promises Blamed For Mining Accidents', 24 January 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2007.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• Adil Soz: Freedom of Speech in Kazakhstan, Analytical Report 2007.
• BBC News: 'Threat to investors in Kazakhstan', 27 September 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Kazakhstan 2006.
• OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Kazakhstan Update on Actions to Implement Recommendations 2006.
• BBC News: 'Kazakh official admits 'killing'', 27 February 2006.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2005.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2004.
• IRIN: 'Corruption remains a major cause of concern', 28 May 2004.
• Caspian Revenue Watch: Caspian Oil Windfalls: Who Will Benefit? 2003.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Kazakhstan 2001.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2009.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2007.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2006.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Kazakhstan 2006.
• EBRD & World Bank: BEEPS Kazakhstan 2005.
• The World Bank & IFC: Investment Climate Surveys - Kazakhstan 2005.

Police

• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Kazakhstan 2006.
• EBRD & World Bank: BEEPS Kazakhstan 2005.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:'Ex-Kazakh health minister imprisoned for corruption', 5 August 2011.
• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Guardian: 'US embassy cables: Kazakhstan's anti-corruption campaign', 29 November 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• World Bulletin: 'Kazakhstan jails ex-defence official, Israeli over corruption', 25 February 2010.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda: 'Supremacy of law – a way to fight corruption', 9 December 2009.
• Eurasianet: 'Kazakhstan: Corruption Scandals an Indicator of Clan Infighting in Astana?', 9 July 2009.
• Inform: 'Corruption in healthcare sphere injures health of every Kazakhstani and whole nation - K.Saudabayev', 20 November 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: 'Going Off the Rails', 11 April 2008.
• Transparency International: 'South Kazakhstan doctors oppose sentence on HIV case', 3 July 2007.
• EBRD & World Bank: BEEPS Kazakhstan 2005.

Land Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2007.
• Macleod Dixon Lawyers: Doing Business in Kazakhstan 2007.
• Khabar News Agency: 'Corruption Fighting', 15 September 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2004.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• EBRD & World Bank: BEEPS Kazakhstan 2005.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: Оценка Прозрачности Деятельности и Отношения к Проблеме Коррупции Отечественных и Зарубежных Компаний в Нефтегазовом Секторе Экономики Республики Казахстан 2003 (in Russian).

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2011.
• World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda: 'Испытание на прочность финансовая система выдержала', 8 December 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Ministry of Commerce of China: Kazakhstan 2007.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• EBRD & World Bank: BEEPS Kazakhstan 2005.
• The World Bank & IFC: Investment Climate Surveys - Kazakhstan 2005.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Central Asia Online: 'Former Kazatomprom president Dzhakishev sentenced to 14 years of hard labour', 12 March 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Revenue Watch Institute: Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• The World Bank and IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• EBRD & World Bank: Business Environment and Enterprise Survey (BEEPS) Kazakhstan 2008.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2008.
• ABD & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• EBRD & World Bank: BEEPS Kazakhstan 2005.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Main Justice: 'In Stunning End to Kazakh Bribe Case, Judge Lauds Giffen As a 'Patriot'', 19 November 2010.
• Mike Koehler: 'Update on FCPA Enforcement Action against James Giffen', 3 June 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Revenue Watch Institute: Kazakhstan 2010.
• APA: 'Former minister of environment jailed in Kazakhstan', 17 October 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• OECD: Securing Resources for Environmental Regulation and Enforcement in Kazakhstan: Prospects for improved budget planning and management 2009.
• OECD: Avenues for Improved Response to Environmental Offences in Kazakhstan 2009.
• Revenue Watch Institute: Kazakhstan 2009.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2009.
• BBC News: 'Officials fall to Kazakh corruption drive', 17 July 2009.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• Kazakhstan Revenue Watch: Kazakhstan's coalition of non-governmental organization 'Oil Revenues under Control of Society' is unsatisfied with the progress of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative 2007.
• BBC News: 'Threat to investors in Kazakhstan', 27 September 2007.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2006.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2004.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: ОЦЕНКА ПРОЗРАЧНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ОТНОШЕНИЯ К ПРОБЛЕМЕ КОРРУПЦИИ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ КОМПАНИЙ В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН 2003 (in Russian).

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Komsomolskaya Pravda: 'Электронные закупки', 10 December 2009.
• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda: 'Supremacy of law – a way to fight corruption', 9 December 2009.
• Kazakhstanskaya Pravda: 'Испытание на прочность финансовая система выдержала', 8 December 2009.
• Vesti Kazakhstan: 'Парламент Казахстана принял поправки в закон о коррупции', 4 November 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: Рекомендации по Имплементации в Казахтанское Законодательство Конвенции ООН «Против Коррупции» 2009.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2008.
• McGuireWoods LLP: 'Amendments Made to the Public Procurement Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan', 15 November 2008.
• Legislationonline: 'Parliament approved amendments to Law on Law-Enforcement Bodies of Kazakhstan', 25 June 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Report 2006.
• RIA Novosti: Corruption in Kazakhstan and Russia 2006.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Kazakhstan 2006.
• OECD Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia: Kazakhstan Update on Actions to Implement Recommendations 2006.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Kazakhstan 2006.
• ABD & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific 2006.
• Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Fighting with Economic and Corruption Crimes: About the State Program of Fighting Corruption for 2006-2010.
• ABD & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia and the Pacific: Thematic review on provisions and practices to curb corruption in public procurement - Self-assessment report Kazakhstan 2005.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2011.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2011.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Kazakhstan 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Reporters Without Borders: Kazakhstan Country Report 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2010.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Reporters Without Borders: Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - Kazakhstan 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2009.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: Рекомендации по Имплементации в Казахтанское Законодательство Конвенции ООН «Против Коррупции» 2009.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Reporters Without Border: Annual Report - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2008.
• Freedom House: Nations in Transit - Kazakhstan 2007.
• Reporters Without Borders: Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2007.
• Reporters Without Border: Annual Report - Kazakhstan 2007.
• Global Integrity: Kazakhstan Country Report 2007.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: Coalition Report: Oil Revenues - Under Public Oversight: ДВА ГОДА РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ EITI В КАЗАХСТАНЕ - ПОДВЕДЕНИЕ ИТОГОВ И РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ 2007 (in Russian).
• Adil Soz: Freedom of Speech in Kazakhstan, Analytical Report 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Kazakhstan 2006.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Kazakhstan 2006.
• Transparency Kazakhstan: ОЦЕНКА ПРОЗРАЧНОСТИ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ И ОТНОШЕНИЯ К ПРОБЛЕМЕ КОРРУПЦИИ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ КОМПАНИЙ В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОМ СЕКТОРЕ ЭКОНОМИКИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАH 2003 (in Russian).
• Caspian Revenue Watch: Caspian Oil Windfalls: Who Will Benefit? 2003.