General Information Sources

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Vietnam 2011.
• The Heritage Foundation: Index of Economic Freedom Vietnam 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Vietnam 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2011.
• TrustLaw: Weak enforcement hampers Vietnam's anti-corruption efforts, 12 September 2011.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Vietnam 2010.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Grant Thornton Vietnam: Private Equity in Vietnam - Investment Outlook Survey 2009.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark & the World Bank: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law: How far has Vietnam come at the Sector Level? - A Case-Study of the Construction Sector 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Vietnam 2009.
• Vietnamnet Bridge: 'Vietnam ratifies UN Convention against Corruption', 3 July 2009.
• AseanAffairs: 'Japan aid to Vietnam resumes after kickback scandal', 1 April 2009.
• Reuters: 'Japan to resume Vietnam aid after bribery scandal', 23 February 2009.
• Vietnews: ' Japan may resume aid program to Vietnam by April: Japanese ambassador', 10 February 2009.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law 2008.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2008.
• Lexadin: The World Law Guide - Legislation Vietnam 2008.
• The China Post: 'Japan freezes Vietnam loans in a corruption ultimatum', 5 December 2008.
• Bloomberg: 'Japan suspends aid to Vietnam, citing corruption', 5 December 2008.
• International Herald Tribune: 'Vietnam Charges 2 Journalists Over False Reports', 30 September 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre: 'Corruption in fast growing markets: lessons from Russia and Vietnam', 29 April 2008.
• People's Daily: 'Vietnam detects 584 corruption cases in 2007', 13 February 2008.
• Ethical Corporation: Asia Pacific: 'Intel in Vietnam - Solving Vietnam's corruption logjam', 11 February 2008.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2007.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2007.
• KPMG & the Economist Intelligence Unit: Vietnam: Open for Investment August 2007.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Vietnam 2006.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2006.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2006.
• International Herald Tribune: 'Top Communist Sees Corruption as a Threat', 5 May 2006.
• The New York Times: 'Communist Vietnam Lunges for Capitalism's Brass Ring', 27 April 2006.
• Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Report of the Survey on Corruption in Vietnam 2005.

Corruption Levels Sources

Judicial System

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• The Heritage Foundation: Index of Economic Freedom - Vietnam 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2011.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Vietnam 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Vietnam 2010.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Vietnam 2009.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.

Police

• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Vietnam 2010.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2011.
• Deutsche Presse-Agentur: Vietnam police banned from carrying cash in anti-corruption move, 8 December 2011.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Vietnam 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2009.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2006.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• Vietnamnet: 'Public Security Ministry Pledges End to Corruption', 29 May 2006.

Licences, Infrastructure and Public Utilities

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Vietnam 2010.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark & the World Bank: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law: How far has Vietnam come at the Sector Level? - A Case-Study of the Construction Sector 2009.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2009.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Time: 'Corruption Undermines Vietnam's Stimulus Program', 23 February 2009.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• American Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam: 'Reporters, police prosecuted for giving 'false information' in PMU-18 corruption case', 13 May 2008.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2007.
• Deutsche Presse Agentur: 'Vietnamese official gets 13 years in gambling, corruption scandal', 7 August 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2006.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2006.
• Thanh Nien News: 'Over US$6.3 mln misused, wasted or skimmed in 2006: inspector', 27 November 2006.
• Vietnam News Agency: 'Chief Inspector Lauds Efforts to Implement Corruption Law', 2 November 2006.
• Thanh Nien News: 'Vietnam construction official gets 16 years for bribery', 27 September 2006.
• Vietnam News Agency: 'Waste, Corruption Plague 40 Projects', 24 August 2006.
• BBC News: 'Vietnam officials face graft quiz', 14 June 2006.
• Thanh Nien: 'WB might withdraw from projects tainted by corruption', 16 May 2006.
• Star Publications: 'Communist Party Takes on Corruption', 18 April 2006.
• Agence France Presse: 'Party investigates another minister in corruption scam: reports', 10 April 2006.
• Bangkok Post: 'Transport minister resigns over corruption', 4 April 2006.
• Agence France Presse: 'Vietnam minister faces resignation calls amid graft scandal', 1 April 2006.

Land Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• Embassy of Denmark, Embassy of Sweden and the World Bank in Vietnam: Recognizing and Reducing Corruption Risks in Land Management in Vietnam 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2011.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Vietnam 2010.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2009.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2007.
• KPMG & the Economist Intelligence Unit: Vietnam: Open for Investment August 2007.
• Thanh Nien News: 'Ten Greatest Corruption cases in Vietnam in 2006', 4 January 2007.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2006.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• International Federation of Surveyors: Corruption and Land Administration 2006.

Tax Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2009.
• VietnamNews Biz: 'Government finds trillions in tax errors', 13 February 2009.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2007.
• KPMG & the Economist Intelligence Unit: Vietnam: Open for Investment August 2007.
• The World Bank & IFC: Business Issues Bulletin: 'Doing Business in Vietnam: Policies improve in 2007 but obstacles remain', 25 October 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2006.
• Thanh Nien News: 'World Bank official warns of Vietnam's corruption fight', 8 June 2006.

Customs Administration

• The World Bank & IFC: Doing Business 2012.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010.
• Transparency International: Global Corruption Barometer 2010.
• World Economic Forum: Global Enabling Trade Report 2010.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2009.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2006.
• Thanh Nien News: 'World Bank official warns of Vietnam's corruption fight', 8 June 2006.
• Agence France Presse: 'Vietnamese official executed for taking bribes', 22 March 2006.
• Associated Press Worldstream: 'Vietnam arrests two senior executives in gasoline scandal', 16 November 2004.

Public Procurement and Contracting

• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2011.
• World Economic Forum: The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010.
• Vietnews: 'Officials in e-government scandal stand trial', 14 January 2010.
• futureGov: 'Vietnam e-govt scam case prompts procurement rethink', 13 January 2010.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark & the World Bank: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law: How far has Vietnam come at the Sector Level? - A Case-Study of the Construction Sector 2009.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2009.
• The World Bank & IFC: Enterprise Surveys 2009.
• Asiaone News: 'Two Vietnamese Officials jailed in Japan Aid Scandal: Court', 15 September 2009.
• AseanAffairs: 'Japan aid to Vietnam resumes after kickback scandal', 1 April 2009.
• Reuters: 'Japan to resume Vietnam aid after bribery scandal', 23 February 2009.
• Vietnews: ' Japan may resume aid program to Vietnam by April: Japanese ambassador', 10 February 2009.
• American Chamber of Commerce in Vietnam: 'Reporters, police prosecuted for giving 'false information' in PMU-18 corruption case', 13 May 2008.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2006.
• Phillips Fox: New Tendering Law 2006.
• ADB & OECD Anti-Corruption Initiative for Asia-Pacific: Thematic review on provisions and practices to curb corruption in public procurement 2003-2004 - Self-assessment report Vietnam 2005.
• Xinhua News agency: 'Vietnam to intensify fight against corruption, smuggling', 9 June 2005.

Environment, Natural Resources and Extractive Industry

• Environmental Investigation Agency: Vietnam's Booming Furniture Industry and Timber Smuggling in the Mekong Region March 2008.
• Vietnam News: 'Three former State inspectors stand trial in corruption case', 16 November 2007.
• Thanh Nien News: 'Ten Greatest Corruption cases in Vietnam in 2006', 4 January 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• Agence France Presse: 'Vietnamese Communist Party cadre arrested in corruption case', 8 September 2004.
• The Globe & Mail: 'Myanmar mired in a deforestation crisis', 13 May 2004.

Public Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Vietnam Net: 'Auditors unearth $706 mln in state wrongdoings ', 26 January 2011.
• The World Bank: Vietnam Development Report 2010.
• USAID: Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness Index 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Vietnam 2010.
• US Commercial Service: Doing Business in Vietnam: A Country Commercial Guide for US Companies 2010.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2009.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark & the World Bank: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law: How far has Vietnam come at the Sector Level? - A Case-Study of the Construction Sector 2009.
• US Department of State: Investment Climate Statement - Vietnam 2009.
• Vietnamnet Bridge: 'Vietnam ratifies UN Convention against Corruption', 3 July 2009.
• Vietnam Business Finance News: 'Government finds trillions in tax errors', 13 February 2009.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law 2008.
• Finnish Embassy in Hanoi: Anti-Corruption in Vietnam: The Situation After Two Years of Implementation of the Law 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Research Centre: Drafting a National Anti-Corruption Strategy for Vietnam 2008.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Vietnam 2008.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2008.
• Lexadin: The World Law Guide - Legislation Vietnam 2008.
• Vietnamnet Bridge: 'Chief Gov't Inspector Discusses New Anti-Corruption Strategy', 20 November 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Drafting a national anti-corruption strategy for Vietnam, 24 September 2008.
• U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre: Corruption in fast-growing markets: Lessons from Russia and Vietnam, 29 April 2008.
• Deutsche Presse-Agentur: 'Vietnam arrests officials over loss of up to 37 million dollars', 14 September 2007.
• Vietnamnet Bridge: 'Online Bidding Portal Launched', 9 August 2007.
• Transparency International: National Integrity Systems Country Study Report Vietnam 2006.
• ADB & OECD: Curbing Corruption in Public Procurement in Asia and the Pacific - Vietnam, December 2006.
• Phillips Fox: New Tendering Law 2006.
• Scott Fritzen: The 'Misery' of Implementation: Governance, Institutions and Anti-corruption in Vietnam 2005.

Private Anti-Corruption Initiatives Sources

• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press Index 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom in the World - Vietnam 2011.
• Freedom House: Freedom of the Press - Vietnam 2011.
• Foreign Commonwealth Office: 'Role of media in Society', 7 April 2011.
• Reporters Without Borders: Vietnam Country Report 2010.
• Reporters Without Borders: Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2010.
• Freedom House: Countries at the Crossroads - Vietnam 2010.
• US Department of State: Human Rights Report - Vietnam 2010.
• The Bertelsmann Foundation: Transformation Index - Vietnam 2010.
• Global Integrity: Vietnam Country Report 2009.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark & the World Bank: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law: How far has Vietnam come at the Sector Level? - A Case-Study of the Construction Sector 2009.
• The Washington Post: Vietnam Police Release Detained Writers', 6 September 2009.
• United Nations: 'Statement of the United Nations Country Team for the Informal Mid-Year Consultative Group Meeting', Press Release, 8 June 2009.
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark: Implementation Assessment of the Anti-Corruption Law 2008.
• Associated Press: 'Vietnam to try journalists for corruption stories', 10 October 2008.
• BBC News: 'Focus on Vietnam's press freedom', 11 June 2008.